The climate change trends, increased incidence of drought and soil salinization, saline water table cause serious damage to crops, increased instability of agricultural production and threat to the livelihoods and food security all over the world. In arid and semi-arid areas, the most risk prone regions, on average of 2,000 hectares of irrigated lands across 75 countries are degraded due to salinization every day according to the UNU Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH). In order to improve water and land productivity in these regions, it is essential to develop efficient farming and pasture management patterns and innovative technologies. Dryland and biosaline agriculture will play more and prominent role globally as more arable lands turn arid and saline. Adapting to new challenges and promoting innovative approaches for integrated management of the natural resources including optimization of agrarian sector will become important goals.